Uzbekistan Challenging Kazakhstan's Agricultural Dominance

Kazakhstan's agricultural exports have seen significant growth in recent years, with a value of $7 billion reached in 2025. Processed products accounted for $3.6 billion of this total.

In contrast, neighboring Uzbekistan has been expanding its own processing capacity and is now challenging Kazakhstan's dominance in certain sectors. This shift is most evident in the flour market, where Uzbekistan overtook Kazakhstan as Afghanistan's largest supplier in 2025.

Kazakhstan still supplies grain to Uzbekistan for milling into flour, but the finished product is increasingly being exported by Uzbekistan itself. In the vegetable oil and fat sector, while Kazakhstan remains a major supplier, Uzbekistan is steadily expanding its own production capacity.