Gulf Countries Build Bypass Routes for Energy Exports Amid Hormuz Risks

The Strait of Hormuz has been a critical chokepoint for energy exports from the Middle East since the start of the Iran war. Iranian attacks on vessels and a US blockade on Iran's ports have slowed the flow of oil, natural gas, metals, and chemicals through the strait.

To bypass this risk, Gulf countries are investing in pipelines, ports, and other export infrastructure to enable exports outside of Hormuz.

Saudi Arabia has been using its East-West pipeline to transport seven million barrels a day from its oil production heartland to the Red Sea port of Yanbu. The kingdom plans to increase its export capacity from Yanbu and is considering expanding its pipeline network.