States Repurpose Abandoned Oil Wells as Geothermal Heat Sources

Across the United States, an estimated 3.7 million abandoned oil and gas wells sit idle, leaking methane and threatening groundwater.

In a bid to repurpose these wells, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Alabama, Colorado, and North Dakota are testing whether they can be used as geothermal heat sources.

The conversion process involves pumping water down into the casing, where it warms against the surrounding rock formation and is drawn back to the surface. This heat can power a thermoelectric generator or supply direct warmth to buildings.

Experts say most abandoned wells are not hot enough to support large-scale electricity generation, but they may still be useful for direct-use applications such as heating schools, homes, greenhouses, and industrial facilities.