Wheat Benefits from In-Furrow Phosphorus Fertilizer Application

Wheat is considered a highly responsive crop to band-applied fertilizers, particularly phosphorus (P). Phosphorus applied in-furrow can be an effective method for part or all of the P needs. Wheat plants typically show a significant increase in fall tillers and improved root development with the use of in-furrow fertilizer, particularly in low-P-testing soils.

Phosphorus fertilizer application can be done through the drill with the seed. In-furrow fertilizer can be applied depending on the soil test and recommended application rate, either in addition to or instead of any pre-plant P applications. The use of dry fertilizer sources with air seeders is a very popular and practical option.

However, other P sources (including liquid) are agronomically equivalent, and decisions should be based on cost and adaptability for each operation. When applying fertilizer with the seed, rates should be limited to avoid potential toxicity to the seedling if the fertilizer N also has Potassium K2O in it.

Research conducted at K-State has shown that in-furrow applications of phosphorus fertilizer consistently improved wheat yields compared to no fertilizer. Yield responses were similar across P sources (DAP vs. MESZ). These results highlight that wheat can safely tolerate higher in-furrow P rates, provided application guidelines are followed.