Ethereum's Scalability Push: Pectra vs Fusaka

Ethereum's Pectra and Fusaka scaling solutions have been making waves in the crypto community. While both aim to improve Ethereum's scalability, they differ in their approach and focus areas.

Pectra was introduced in May 2025 and included a range of improvements, including EIP-7702, which allows users to pay gas fees in stablecoins like USDC or DAI, reducing volatility risks. It also enables batch operations and temporarily delegating to contract code, improving interaction with smart contracts.

Fusaka, on the other hand, was designed to follow Pectra and focuses on PeerDAS (Peer-to-Peer Data Availability Sampling) and the EVM Object Format. To avoid delays like those faced by Pectra, developers prioritized these two EIPs for Fusaka Devnet 1.

One notable improvement in Fusaka is the implementation of BPO forks to increase capacity further. BPO1 will increase the blob target to 10 and maximum to 15 on December 9, 2025, while BPO2 will increase the target to 14 and maximum to 21 on January 7, 2026.

Fusaka also surpasses Pectra in raw throughput capacity, and EIP-7935 raises the default gas limit to 60M. Core developers believe Ethereum L1 can safely scale to this limit, allowing more L1 execution capacity. Additionally, Fusaka includes EIP-7939, which adds the CLZ opcode for gas-efficient bit-counting.