Glassnode-ARK Report: Decentralization Spectrum Rankings for BTC, ETH, SOL

A joint report by Glassnode and ARK Invest compares Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana across six decentralization dimensions.

The study applies the blockchain trilemma framework to evaluate each network's design tradeoffs between security, scalability, and decentralization.

Bitcoin ranked highest overall on the decentralization spectrum, while Ethereum placed in the middle and Solana scored lower on ownership distribution and verification accessibility.

The report also found that three entities crossed the block-production concentration threshold for both Bitcoin and Ethereum, but 19 validators were needed to exceed the 33% stake threshold on Solana.

The estimated cost of running a full node or validator-equivalent setup on each network varies significantly: approximately $289 for Bitcoin, $730 for Ethereum, and $21,478 for Solana.