Aerial Refuelling Revolutionizes Modern Airpower

The concept of aerial refuelling dates back to 1917 when it was first conceptualised. After several attempts, air-to-air refuelling became a reality in 1923 with US Army Air Service lieutenants transferring fuel between two biplanes using a gravity-fed hose.

However, this method proved impractical and hazardous for military operations. A major breakthrough came in 1934 with the establishment of Flight Refuelling Limited, laying the groundwork for modern aerial refuelling.

Today, aerial refuelling is fundamental to long-range strike, persistent surveillance, distributed operations, and force projection. It allows aircraft to remain airborne longer and operate far beyond their unrefuelled range.

Aerial refuelling has become essential in recent military operations, particularly for combat aircraft. In June 2026, US Boeing KC-135R Stratotankers conducted repeated aerial refuelling missions across the Middle East, supporting air operations over the Strait of Hormuz.